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Radios and televisions still use variations of the Tesla coil today.įollow Kelly Dickerson on Twitter. While the Tesla coil does not have much practical application anymore, Tesla’s invention completely revolutionized the way electricity was understood and used. This is how coils can create crazy lightning displays and can even be set up to play music timed to bursts of current. Setting up a Tesla coil with an adjustable rotary spark gap gives the operator more control over the voltage of the current it produces. Think of it as timing when to push someone on a swing in order to make it go as high as possible. This happens when the primary coil shoots the current into the secondary coil at just the right time to maximize the energy transferred into the secondary coil. The principle behind the Tesla coil is to achieve a phenomenon called resonance. This is why the coil must be hooked up to an outside power supply. The heated air in the spark gap pulls some of the electricity away from the secondary coil and back into the gap, so eventually the Tesla coil will run out of energy. In practice, however, this does not happen. In a perfectly designed Tesla coil, when the secondary coil reaches its maximum charge, the whole process should start over again and the device should become self-sustaining. The resulting high-frequency voltage can illuminate fluorescent bulbs several feet away with no electrical wire connection. Eventually, the charge in the secondary capacitor gets so high that it breaks free in a spectacular burst of electric current. The energy sloshes back and forth between the two coils several hundred times per second, and builds up in the secondary coil and capacitor. The voltage zipping through the air between the two coils creates sparks in the spark gap. The massive amount of energy makes the magnetic field collapse quickly, and generates an electric current in the secondary coil. Then, similar to squeezing out a soaked sponge, the current flows out of the capacitor down the primary coil and creates a magnetic field.
Eventually, the capacitor builds up so much charge that it breaks down the air resistance in the spark gap. The primary coil itself must be able to withstand the massive charge and huge surges of current, so the coil is usually made out of copper, a good conductor of electricity. The primary coil's capacitor acts like a sponge and soaks up the charge.
The power source is hooked up to the primary coil.
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